Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Christian Writings Of Augustine And Haltigar Of Cambrai One

As a text written in the early middle ages, the Canon Episcopi by Regino of Prà ¼m was revolutionary in the fact that it exemplified a growing skepticism for magic within the Christian community, and most importantly, it served as a strict call to arms for church officials to identify and eliminate practices of magic within parish communities. As a major theological text in the time where Christianity is finally solidifying doctrine, the Canon Episcopi should both draw upon existing ideas of its predecessors and shape the theological works of its successors. While the works of other theological minds show evidence of a common theme or influence, there is still extreme variability and sometimes even direct opposition to Regino’s themes. While†¦show more content†¦Haltigar not only fits the addressee of the warning, as an Archbishop, he is doing what the warning exactly asks: laboring to uproot the art of sorcery from his parishes. Within The â€Å"Roman† Pentit ential, Haltigar provides a guideline for the priests and clergy on how to identify such practices and beliefs, and the fit penance or punishment for them. Through the lens of Augustine and Haltigar’s work, we can see that the Canon Episcopi seems to be drawing off of much earlier traditions and themes within Christian theology and literature. While there are definite parallels between the texts of the early Christian period and the Early Medieval period, where the Canon Episcopi originates, ultimately the time difference itself is the ultimate division line for the themes within the text. Augustine, while stating the absurdity of some magical, ultimately argues that demons give these delusions to diviners and the result is that they â€Å"do tell past and future things, which happen exactly as predicted,† unlike Regino who dismisses the reality of delusional women actually â€Å"rid[ing] upon beasts with Diana† (Augustine 46 and Regino of Prà ¼m 62). Haltigar too, provides no indication that he denies any of the practices that he mentions within his penitential. While there is a slight trace of skepticism within Augustine’s writing, Regino provides the fully developed voice of this skepticism later on. Furthermore, both

Monday, December 23, 2019

Oil And Gas Waste Mismanagement - 1648 Words

Oil and Gas Waste Mismanagement in Indonesia Environmental Damage Due to The Growth and Development Needs Theme : Nature song Subtheme : Environmental damage due the growth and development needs Waste Industry Materials Mismanagement in Indonesia Environment is a part of the earth that consists of the biotic creatures like humans, animals, plants and biotic creatures like water, air, sand and source of energy inside it. The environment synergizes with the earth and to create a life for both creatures and fulfill what life on earth needs. This synergy includes every single of elements in the world and it is vital to keep it balanced for the next generation of life. The balance of environment and the earth is embodied by the realization if life where the exchange from good environment is followed by the balance of the earth. Human as the major role that plays in maintaininga global environmental hazard in compliance with the world development and the growth needs. Nowadays, the damage of the environment is increasing at an alarming rate mainly due to the human activities. The population growth, unfortunately, has many adverse effects since the Industry of technology in 1750-1850 started the globalization era and brought massive change in every aspect through transportation, farming system, manufactured, economical activity, technology, invention and mass industrialization and causing an abundant amount of exploitation in source ofShow MoreRelatedFracking : A Controversial Controversy1486 Words   |  6 Pagesretrieve natural gas and oil reserves. With concerns over water pollution, mismanagement of toxic waste and irreversible environmental damage mounting, the practice of fracking has only quietly expanded and profited. This concealed expansion into the nation’s backyard has only further raised suspicion into an activity that has already concealed much of its information from fear of public disapproval. However, regardless of media ba cklash and attentive environmentalists, the oil and gas companies haveRead MoreThe Environmental Impacts Coming From Developing Mineral1470 Words   |  6 Pageshas been deemed cost effective to extract. What most often occurs when a site is being mined is that the material removed from the dig site gets displaced over to the side in an area such as an open quarry mine. After the materials are extracted the waste material is not placed back and neither is any vegetation that was once there. One way that could help the surrounding environment would be to keep record of the amount of material and/or vegetation removed and replace it with a similar amount onceRead MoreMining Accidents Are Not Dangerous For People And The Environment969 Words   |  4 Pagessuffocation, gas poisoning, roof collapse, rock burst, outbursts, and gas explosions in mines. In addition, the mining process exposes miners to carcinogens, and many go on to die of lung cancer. Natural gas is another hydrocarbon resource the U.S relies on. Although most of the country’s natural gas is produced domestically, the United States is a net importer of natural gas (â€Å"U.S Energy Information Administration†). This means that the U.S imports more natural gas than it exports. Natural gas can beRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Drilling Rig1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig caught fire on April 20, 2010, exploring and sinking after some days. The explosion was as a result of the equipment failure, perhaps the blowout protector, and the emerging explosion and fire killed 11 people, injuring others. The aftermath of the explosion became the largest issue in the US, estimated to surpass 1989 Exxon Valdez spill. The environmental contamination was huge, greatly impacting marine life in the Gulf of Mexico and surrounding beaches ofRead MoreThe Environment And The Global Economy1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand/or criminal penal ties for environmental damages. The Gulf of Mexico oil spill by British Petroleum, the gas leak in Bhopal by Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) and the Chisso Corporation’s chemical factory waste discharge in the Japan, are some of the world’s worst and costliest environmental disasters caused by companies. The Gulf Coast oil spill was the worst in the history of the United States, over three million barrels of oil was leaked, spreading across the gulf. Just less than 1800 km of LouisianaRead MoreLaws 310 Course Project1187 Words   |  5 PagesLAWS 310 – THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT Hydraulic Fracturing 10/12/2013 â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS What is Hydraulic Fracturing 2 Enivromental Issues 2 Water Contamination 2 Management of Waste Water 3 Air Quality Issues 3 Fracking Chemicals 3 State and Federal Laws 4 Federal Regulations 4 State Regulations 4 U.S. Energy Needs 5 Conclusion 5 Referrence Page 6 â€Æ' Hydraulic Fracturing What is hydraulic fracturing or fracking, and is it safe for our environment? What types of environmentalRead MoreEssay about Global Warming: A Dangerous Reality1439 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, burning of fossil fuels has been a major reason for global warming. The largest contributing source of greenhouse gas is the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) leading to the emission of carbon dioxide. Almost 100% of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and ozone. The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billionRead MoreEssay on War Profiteering and the Mismanagement of Tax Payer Dollars1660 Words   |  7 Pagesfunds and power considering there is very little need for a swimming pool or VIP trailers for any police-related project that might have taken place in Iraq. DynCorp is not the only major company under scrutiny for mismanaged funds. Halliburton, an oil-services company based in Houston, has had its share of controversy. Authors Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta reported for the New York Times that during the Iraq war, Halliburton was the exclusive supplier of services such as cooking, construction, powerRead MoreEnergy Crisis in Pakistan2194 Words   |  9 Pagestheft and Power wastage Corruption and lack of accountability Mis-allocation of resources Increasing price of oil in international market In past no efforts were made Alternative energy resources: Hard technologies and Soft technologies Hard technologies: Nuclear power Natural gas Natural gas import Coal LNG Soft technologies: Hydropower Solar energy Wind energy BiomassRead MorePetroleum Profits Tax Act 19591824 Words   |  8 Pagesand amended. The Petroleum Profits Tax Act 1959 as amended by Petroleum Profits Tax Act No. 15 of 1973 (Part 111) section 2 states thus - â€Å"for the purposes of subsection (1) (b) of the value of any chargeable oil so disposed of shall be taken to be the aggregate of† (b) The value of that oil as determined for royalty, in accordance with the provisions of any enactment applicable thereon and any financial agreement; alternatively, (c) Arrangement between the Federal Government of Nigeria and the company

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Coca Cola and Pepsi Free Essays

*Segmentation of Coca Cola: **Basic segments of coca cola is those people who take this drink regularly. **The target market for coca cola is based on age: youth and younger 15- 25 and 40 age. Another factors are income and family size. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca Cola and Pepsi or any similar topic only for you Order Now **Target is not based on gender , both gender likes it. **Key success of coca cola is behavioral segmentation. **Coca Cola generally sells in schools, colleges, universities, restaurants, hotels and fast food stores. Coca Cola has variety of tastes ecause they want to meet customer needs. **Coca cola diet : for diabetic people and aged people 40 plus. **Coca Cola : young people whose age is 16 to 35. **Coca Cola packs and bottles : (based on income level) for students, poor people, middle class and family size. Nature of customer : fun and entertainment loving. Socio-economic level :upper lower and lower class. Occupation : student and family oriented people. **Coca Cola prefer to serve its product in those places where young eople gather mostly. coca cola customers are mainly teenagers and young adults **it is the highest selling cold drink above the world.? **The main theme of coca cola is â€Å"open happiness† coca cola packaging attracts the young generation attention ver y much. *Positioning statement: Coca Cola provides the best quality and taste in an affordable price. *Segmentation of Pepsi: **Pepsi has same market purposes like Coca Cola. Pepsi has also different kinds of soft-drink productin order to appeal to different ustomers. **Pepsi customers are mostly teenagers and young adults between the ages of 14 to 30. *Positioning of pepsi: **PepsiCo main slogan is – â€Å"Generation Next! † It spends billions of dollars in order to affect people and find creative slogan in every year. Pepsi is a cold drink which gave the best taste, low fat in a reasonable spending. Coca Cola is successful corporation because they have further plan to impess people and have good stategy to sell products in right places. How to cite Coca Cola and Pepsi, Essay examples

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Literary Study of Silent Spring By Rachel Carson- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLiterary Study of Silent Spring By Rachel Carson. Answer: The book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was first published on 27th September in the year 1962 focusing on the environmental issues of United States. The book composed by a brave woman presented a catastrophic view of the ecological deprivation for the first time in US and in a way started spreading awareness for the conservation of it [1]. The book was nominated under the category non-fiction for the National Book Award. The book serialized in three parts became so famed that the then American president John F. Kennedy read it in the summer of 1962 and was sold like hot cakes in the market. The book was a smash hit and was the most talked about book in the era. The book took four years of study and investigation for private research in federal science before Carson published the book[2]. Although books may be a less celebrated medium than hostilities, rallies, insurrections, they at times become the most influential authority of societal change in the life of the Americans. Mentions can be made of Thomas Paines Common Sense that aroused the spirit of revolution in the early days among the natives of the country and Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin that stimulated the people of the North to resist against the slavery in the era that lead to the Civil War. Similarly, Silent Spring by Rachel Carson powerfully enquired the confidence of the humans on the advancement of the technology and called for a movement for the preservation of the ecological balance. The book Silent Spring is based upon a true story and commences with a fable for tomorrow where Carson illustrates a town in heart of America where all life seemed to live in a harmony with its surroundingsno witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world[3]. The people had done it themselves. This fable draws instances from actual communities where the application of DDT had damaged the wildlife and the natural floras and faunas and even humans. Carsons most important focus was on the prospect of life on Earth. DDT, the most harmful and powerful pesticide known to the world exposed the vulnerability of nature came in hand of the civilians in the year 1945. Then only Edwin Way Teale and Carson objected about this newly invented miracle compound. Edwin warned, A spray as indiscriminate as DDT can upset the economy of nature as much as a revolution upset the economy of nature as much as a revolution upsets social economy. Ninety percent of all insects are good and if they are killed, things go out of kilter right away.[4] Carson on the other hand, while living in Maryland, suggested the magazine Readers Digest to bring out an article demanding a series of tests on DDT as she had witnessed the appliance of the compound not far from where she resided. Unfortunately, the magazine rejected this proposal of Carson and the matter was dismissed. In the year 1958, thirteen years after the first application of DDT, Carson started writing about the risks of DDT after receiving a note from a companion in Massachussets who bemoaned about the death of large birds in Cape Cod due to spraying of DDT. Till then the use of pesticide had propagated greatly and Carsons failure to manage a column in the magazine indicated how heterodox and controversial her analysis on the issue must have appeared. The book Silent Spring was one of the earliest books that urged the Americans to rise in revolt against the use of artificial insect repellent, particularly DDT. Silent Spring which became a best-seller by 1958 by promoting more than two million copies, made an influential case for the conception that if environment is poisoned by humankind, then nature in turn could destroy human race. Carson informed the subcommittee that Our heedless and destructive acts enter into the vast cycles of the Earth and in time return to bring hazard to ourselves. It is through Carsons observations we still witness the impacts of unregulated human intrusion as the notion of contemporary ecosystem had been popularized by her. The superseding subject of Silent Spring is the injurious consequences of using pesticides on the environment as she notified that the outcomes of these are barely restricted to the besieged vermin as the accurate terms of the compound is biocides. Her book primarily points the finger at the chemical business for premeditated circulation of disinformation. She also blamed that the municipal bureaucrats for accepting the terms and conditions of the industry casually[5]. Carson also reported that according to the scientists of the Food and Drug Administration, these compounds are reasonable for considering them low grade hepatic cell carcinomas and according to the author of Occupational Tumors and Allied Diseases, Dr. Harper, DDT is a chemical carcinogen. Carson also focused on the increased penalties in the near future since the intended pests may build up a resistance to pesticides that may crop up due to overuse of DDT. This in turn will deteriorate ecosystems building victim to un expected invasive varieties. The book although emphasized on the harmful effects of DDT, it never mentioned a banning of the product. Carson discussed that, even if DDT and other insecticides had no environmental side effects, their indiscriminate overuse was counterproductive because it would create insect resistance to pesticides, making them useless in eliminating the target insect populations. Silent Spring made public aware of the fact that DDT damaged their eggshells[6]. The response that Carson received from the chemical industry demonstrated more antagonistic than it has been expected. The private harassments against Carson were dramatics. She was charged of being a Marxist follower and sacked as a spinster with an empathy for cats[7]. The publication of an issue of Silent Spring on 27th September of 1962 was opposed vehemently by the chemical industry[8]. DuPont and Velsicol Chemical Industry, the two major chemical industries of America were the first who opposed the publication of the book. DuPont brought together a huge report against the book in the press release, while Velsicol threatened to expose The New Yorker, Houghton Miffin and Audubon Magazine if they do not cancel their intended features of Silent Spring[9]. Apart from that Biochemist Robert White-Stevens of American Cyanamid and Thomas Juke, former Cyanamid chemist most aggressively criticized the Carsons analysis of DDT. White-Stevens named Carson a fanatic defender of the cult of t he balance of the nature and commented, If man were to follow the teachings of Miss Carson, we would return to the Dark Ages, and the insects and diseases and vermin would once again inherit the Earth.[10] Carsons writing style in Silent Spring aimed at raising awareness among the public about the perils of using pesticides. Therefore, she intended to write the book in a simple language that would appeal to masses and hence she emphasized on the clarity of the book[11]. The approach taken by her was easily accessible for the common people to acknowledge the dangers of the chemical. Her attempt to begin the book with an allegory made the structure of the book like a story that helped in attracting more general readers. Carsons intended inclusion of the citations of the research articles only in the appendix at the end of the book was planned for the general readers so that they do not face any difficulty while reading the book[12]. Thus to conclude it can be said that the book Silent Spring was one of the milestones of the 20th century. The note of Silent Spring reverberates deafeningly even today, several decades after its publication. Besides, the life of Carson and her image is itself equally inspiring as it illustrates how a woman struggles independently to overcome her difficulties and motivates the masses to fight against the establishment of righteousness. Carson well conscious of the bigger connotation of her work remarked Mans attitude toward nature is today critically important simply because we have now acquired a fateful power to alter and destroy nature. But man is a part of nature, and his war against nature is inevitably a war against himself? [We are] challenged as mankind has never been challenged before to prove our maturity and our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves. References Carson, R. (1994). Silent spring. 1962. Carson, Rachel.Silent spring. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002. Griswold, Eliza. "How Silent Springignited the environmental movement."The New York Times21 (2012). Heckel, David G. "Insecticide resistance after silent spring."Science337.6102 (2012): 1612-1614. Krebs, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Bradbury, R. B., Siriwardena, G. M. (1999). The second silent spring?.Nature,400(6745), 611-612. Lutts, Ralph H. "Chemical fallout: Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, radioactive fallout, and the environmental movement."Environmental Review: ER9.3 (1985): 211-225. Lytle, Mark Hamilton.The gentle subversive: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, and the rise of the environmental movement. Oxford University Press, 2007. Murphy, Priscilla Coit.What a book can do: The publication and reception of Silent Spring. Univ of Massachusetts Press, 2005. Russell, E. (2001).War and nature: fighting humans and insects with chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring. Cambridge University Press. Smith, Michael B. "Silence, Miss Carson!" Science, Gender, and the Reception of" Silent Spring."Feminist Studies27.3 (2001): 733-752. Van Emden, Helmut Fritz, and David B. Peakall.Beyond silent spring: integrated pest management and chemical safety. Chapman Hall Ltd, 1996. Walker, K., Walsh, L. (2012). No One Yet Knows What the Ultimate Consequences May Be How Rachel Carson Transformed Scientific Uncertainty Into a Site for Public Participation in Silent Spring.Journal of Business and Technical Communication,26(1), 3-34.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Athena and Posidon in the Odyssey free essay sample

As Odysseus makes the long journey back to Ithacahe is both supported and antagonized.He is given divine support by Athena, but is opposed by Poseidon.The two Olympians were involed in a contest for protector of Athens, which Athena won.This did not sit well with Athenas uncle Poseidon, and it isnt surprising that the god and goddess went against each other in Homers Odyssey. The main reason for Poseidons anger towards Odysseus comes from Odysseus blinding of the cyclops Polyphemus.It is in Chapter 9 that we find out how about this event.During Odysseus journey he makes a wrong turn and ends up in the land of the Cyclopes.It is here that he meets Polyphemus and becomes trapped in his cave.Polyphemus is not god-fearing and grabs Odysseus men whenever he feels like it and eats them.Odysseus must come up with a plan to escape being eaten. We will write a custom essay sample on Athena and Posidon in the Odyssey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His plan involves an olive pole, which he and his men cut and sharpen.Then Odysseus gets Polyphemus drunk off the wine he has brought him as an offering and lights the end of the olive pole with fire.He and his men point the pole in Polyphemus eye and twist it, blinding him.The fact that Athena is attributed to the olive tree is very important in this instance since it is the olive pole and Odysseus craftiness that help him escape Polyphemus cave.The olive is especially important to Athena also because it is the gift she gave to the mortals in the contest against Poseidon, thus being rewarded with a city named after her, the city she named Athens. As Odysseus and his crew are espcaping, Polyphemus prays to Poseidon: â€Å"Hear me, Poseidon, Sustainer of the Earth, god of the sable locks.If I am yours indeed and you claim as your son, grant that Odysseus, sacker of cities and son of Laertes, may never reach his home in Ithaca.But if he is destined to see his friend again, to come once more to his own house and reach his native land, let him come late, in wretched plight, having lost all his comrades, in a foreign ship, and let him find trouble in his home.†(Pages 123-124, Lines 526-534).Poseidon is outraged at Odysseus behavior while at Polyphemus cave.He not only seeks revenge after his son is blinded, but also because of the taunting Polyphemus endured from OdysseusThere is no doubt that Odysseus feels this anger later on as Poseidon stirs up the sea to give him trouble. It is Athena in the beginning of the Odyssey who tells her father Zeus to free Odysseus from Calypsos control.While Poseidon is off accepting a sacrifice, the rest of the Olympians are gathered on Mount Olympus.Upon hearing Athenas plead Zeus replies:â€Å"How could I ever forget the admirable Odysseus?He is not only the wisest man alive but has been the most generous in his offerings to the immortals who live in the wide heaven.It is Poseidon, Sustainer of the Earth, who is so implaceable towards him on account of the Cyclops, godlike Polyphemus, the most powerful of the Cyclopes, whom Odysseus blinded.His mother was the Nymph Thoosa, daughter of Phorcys, Lord of the Salt Sea Waves; and it was Poseidon who gave her this child when he slept with him in her cavern hollowed by the seaThat is why, ever since Polyphemus was blinded, Poseidon the Earth-shaker has kept Odysseus in exile, though he stops short of killing him.But come now, let all of us here together contrive a plan to bri ng him home.Poseidon will relent.For he will not be able to struggle on alone against the united will of the immortal gods.† (Pages 4-5 lines 65-79).The meeting concludes with Athena remarking that Hermes should travel to Ogygia to tell Calypso to set Odysseus free. Athena also helps Odysseus wife Penelope and son Telemachus.To Penelope she gives gifts of fine handicraft and quick-wit, which allows her to trick the suitors for some time when she tells them she is weaving a shroud for Laertes.When it comes to Telemachus she often disguises herself as Mentor, an old friend of Odysseus, to speak to him.In one instance she says: â€Å"You, meanwhile, will soon be starting this journey you have set your heart on.For am I not your fathers friend, and ready to find you a fast ship and sail with you myself?Go home now and show yourself to the Suitors.Then get provisions ready and stow them all in containers, the wine in jars, and the barley-meal, that gives men strength, in strong skins.Meanwhile, I will soon collect a crew of volunteers in the town.And there are plenty of ships, old and new, in sea-girt Ithaca.I myself will pick out the best for you, and well have her rigged in no time and launch her on the open sea.† (Page 22, lines 285-294)Wi th the help of Athena, Telemachus went off to Pylos and Lacedaemon to seek news of his father, to try to find out if there was any hope in a return of Odysseus. Back in Ogygia, the messenger god Hermes had finally arrived.Athena had gotten her way with Zeus, and Odysseus was finally going to be on the way to Ithaca once again.However, not long after taking off on his raft, Odysseus feels the wrath of Poseidon.In Chapter 5 Poseidon exclaims: â€Å"Damnation!I had only to go to Ethiopia for the gods to change their minds about Odysseus!And there he is, close to the Phaeacians land, where he is destined to bring his long ordeal to an end.Nevertheless I mean to let him have a bellyful of trouble yet.† (Page 70, lines 287-291).After that Poseidon took in his hands his trident and stirred up the sea, darkened the sky, and gave Odysseus a storm he would never forget.All hope seemed to be lost for Odysseus as he cried out: â€Å"Poor wretch that I am, what will become of me after all?† (Page 70, line 299).After this a wave crashes upon him and he is thrown off his raft.Poseidon sends him another earthshaking wave and takes off to Aega e.Athena then steps in and calms down the waves, giving Odysseus a chance yet. Days pass and Odysseus is still thrashed about by the sea.One wave in particular brings him almost to his death as he is pushed toward shore and into rocks.Without Athenas help in giving him the idea to grab ahold of a rock, Odysseus life would have come to an end.After more struggle Odysseus makes it to the surface and comes to a rivers mouth.He prays to the god of the stream and is given a favorable current.He reaches land and finds shelter under olive bushes and his eyes are filled with sleep by Athena.This is yet another instance where Athenas gift to the mortals, the olive tree comes into play.The olive tree was chosen as the winner of the contest because of what it offers: food, oil, and wood.In this case it provides Odysseus with much needed shelter after his long sea ordeal. There are many other instances when the olive proves useful in the Odyssey.The blinding of Polyphemus with an olive pole is pretty obvious, but there are other incidents when the olive is used inless obvious manner, like for instance the role it provides in giving Odysseus a place to sleep.It is also used in Eumaeus hut when Odysseus food is mixed up in an olive-wood bowl.Olive oil is also rubbed onto Odysseus after he is bathed.Both food serving and bathing seem to be part of the hospitality of most people Odysseus and Telemachus incounter.It seems as though all strangers seemed to receive this hospitality when welcomed by people.Showing hospitality seems to have been expected, especially if you wanted Zeus and the other gods on your side. Athena then goes to the country of the Phaeacians where Odysseus has washed up on shore.She makes her way to Alcinous palace, her focus set on getting Odysseus his return to Ithaca.She speaks to Alcinous daughter Nausicaa in her sleep, who thinks all that she hears is a dream.She immediately tells her Father about it the next morning.Athena had told her she was lazy and needed to go wash her clothes first thing in the morning, so that is what Nausicaa set out the do.Athena cleverly arranges this so that Nausicaa will run into Odysseus by the river and she does, but with a little more intervention by Athena, as she makes sure Odysseus wakes up before the princess leaves to go back to the palace and givesNausicaa the courage to speak to him.She also makes sure that Nausicaa is pleased with Odysseus and even makes him more pleasing to the eye, when we read that she makes him taller and sturdier.Nausicaa gives him food and directions on how to receive help from her father.As you can see Athena has ingeniously given Odysseus an in with the Phaeacians as Poseidon is patron of the sea-faring Phaeacians.Athena is very wise to do this in order to get Odysseus home, but she doesnt stop there.She also comes to meet Odysseus herself disguised as a young girl.Odysseus asks her for directions and she replies: â€Å"cetrainly, Ill show you the house you want, since it lies close to my good fathers place.But you must follow my lead without a wod, look at nobody and ask no questions.For the people here have little affection for strangers and do not welcome visitors with open arms.They put their trust in fast ships that carry them across the far-flung seas, for that is a privilege granted by Poseidon and these ships are as swift as a bird or as thought itself.† (Page 85, lines 27-34).In this way Athena prevents any harm coming to Odysseus from the Phaeacians as he makes his way to the palace.We also read that she puts a magic mist around him to protect him.Athena goes ab ove and beyond in order to get Odysseus safely to the palace and once there also gives him advice on who to please. Once in the palace Odysseus is received well and given a ship and crew to go to Ithaca with.It it thanks to Athena that he is given such hospitality and finally gets to his land, for this is his final voyage, the voyage in which he reaches Ithaca. As Odysseus is sleeping the Phaecian ship lands in Ithaca.They lift him out of the ship and into the sand and place his treasures near an olive tree.It is Athena who had prompted these treasures to be given to Odysseus and it is her that seems to be guarding them with the olive tree she is attributed to.Odysseus safe arrival with the Phaecians enrages Poseidon, who goes to speak his mind to his brother Zeus.He says to him: â€Å"Father Zeus, the mortal gods will lose respect for me, now that these mortals fail to respect me, these Phaeacians, I mean, who after all are my descendants.I said that Odysseus would suffer much before he reached his home, though I never put a final ban on his return, once you had promised it and nodded your assent.But now these people have brought him over the sea in their good ship and landed him asleep in Ithaca, after showering gifts upon him, countless gifts of bronze, gold and woven stuffs; far more than he could ever have won for himself from Troy e ven if he had come back unhurt with his fair share of the spoils.† (Page 172, Lines 127-138).Poseidons anger with the Phaeacians for allowing Odysseus a safe and easy ride home end in him turning their ship into stone right as they are approaching their own land.This shows just how angry Poseidon is in having his own people help Odysseus, the person whom he has been anatagonizing throughout his whole journey. After Odysseus wakes up he doesnt realize what land he is in.This is because Athena has placed a mist on it to look unrecognizable to him.She appears to Odysseus once again disguised, this time as a young shepherd, and tells him that he is in Ithaca.Odysseus, feeling like a fool tries to make up a story of how he got there.Athena at once realizes his lies and tells him who she is.He quickly says: â€Å"it is hard for a man to recognize you at sight, however expert he may be, for you are always changing your disguise.But this I know well, that you were gracious to me in the old days so long as we Achaeans were campaigning at Troy.Yet when we had sacked Priams lofty citadel and gone on board our ships, and a god had scattered the Archaean fllet, I did not notice you then, Daughter of Zeus, nor see you set foot on my ship to save me from any of my ordeals.No; I was left to wander through the world with a stricken heart, till the gods put an end to my sufferings and the day came, in th e rich land of the Phaeacians, when you comforted me with your talk and yourself guided me to their city.But now I beseech you in your Fathers name since I cannot believe that I have come to my bright Ithaca but feel that I must be wandering in some foreign country and that you spoke as you did in a spirit of provocation to lead me astray – tell me, am I really back in my own beloved land?† (Page 177, lines 311-329)With that Athena tells him his mind is always working and that his quick-witted and persuasive nature are what has made her want to help him.She also says â€Å"As for your home-coming,I myself was never in any doubt: I knew in my heart that you would get back, though with the loss of all your men.But you must understand that I was not prepared to oppose my uncle Poseidon, who was incensed when you blinded his own son, and has nursed his grudge against you.† (page 177 lines 340-344).Athena then removes the mist she had created over Ithaca and Odysseus recognizes the land at once.She then helps Odysseus hide his gifts and sits down with him under an olive tree to figure out a plan of attack on how to deal with the problems in Ithaca.Athena says: â€Å"Odysseus, favourite of Zeus, son of Laertes, master of ingenuity, consider now how you will come to grips with these shameless Suitors who for three whole years have been lording it in your palace, paying court to your imcomparable wife and offering her marriage-gifts.All this time she has pined for your homecoming, and though she has given them all some grounds for hope and made promises in private messages to each, her real wishes are very different.† (Page 178, lines 373-382).After saying this Athena devises a plan to disguise Odysseus as a beggar and gives him instructions to go to Eumaeus hut.She then takes off to help Telemachus get back home. Athena tells Telemachus to hurry home and to be careful of the suitors who are after him.She also tells him to go to Eumaeus hut first thing when he returns.Odysseus is still at the hut when Telemachus arrives, but doesnt tell him that he is his father.After Telemachus sends Eumaeus to tell his mother he is home, Athena arrives, disguised a tall and beautiful woman.She stands outside the window and gestures for Odysseus to come outside.She then tells him to let Telemachus know who he is so that they may plot an end for the suitors.After saying this she gives him fresh clothes and gives him a godly appearance.Odysseus then convinces his son of who he is and they start planning for their attack.But before Eumaeus the swinherd returns Athena is quick to transform Odysseus back into an old beggar, for fear that he may recognize Odysseus otherwise. Odysseus later goes to his palace, still in his old beggar disguise as to not have the suitors think that he is back in Ithaca.On the day in which the suitors plan a festival, Athena calls for a test of skill. The prize awarded being Penelopes hand in marriage.The winner is to be whoever strings the bow, which Athena has promped Penelope to get out, and shoots an arrow through twelve axes.The winner of the contest is Odysseus, who still looks like a beggar to the suitors.Odysseus kills Antinous with an arrow and then tells the suitors who he is.Odysseus shoots the suitors until his arrows run out.Athena appears, as Mentor to encourage him to keep fighting.She then turns into a swallow and the battle continues.Each time the suitors attempt to throw spears at Odysseus, Athena makes sure they miss.Athena not only prompts the contest to occur, but also makes sure that once the battle begins, Odysseus comes out on top. After the battle Odysseus is reunited with his wife.He is bathed and Athena makes him appear as an everlasting god.Odysseus wife Penelope tells Odysseus that their bed has been moved, their bed built around an olive tree.She says this because at first she does not believe it is him, but once he tells her what the bed looks like and is made of she knows it is him.Not only does Odysseus sleep in shelters of olive trees, but his own bed with Penelope is from the tree as well. Odysseus is home again and his home is free of the suitors.He sets out to meet with his father and tell him that he has arrived home and that the suitors are gone.Because Odysseus has killed men from many cities, people start to get angry with him as they hear of his killing.As a battle starts to unfold Athena works to restore peace between both sides. Athena works hard throughout the Odyssey to help Odysseus in any way that she can.Poseidonon the other hand works hard to oppose him.Athena must go against her Uncle in order to get Odysseus safely home, and once there make sure that restores the peace in his home.Athenas gifts of spinning, weaving, wisdom, and defensive war all come in to play in the story of Odysseus.The olive tree is an essential indicator that she is supporting Odysseus and we see this symbol of supportmany times in the story.Poseidon, who is god the sea and attributed to the trident uses this to his advantage to make the seas very rough for Odysseus.The earthshaker does not succeed however in defeating Odysseus and after 20 long years he is back with his people in Ithaca.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Сapitalism and Colonialism

Ð ¡apitalism and Colonialism Austin (2014) considers the correlation between colonialism and capitalism. It was argued that the spread of capitalism was largely caused by colonial gains of major empires.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ð ¡apitalism and Colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Austin (2014) does not refute this statement but offers particular ways in which capitalism found its way to the colonies and the way it developed in empires. Importantly, the author identifies five major features of development of capitalism in the second part of the nineteenth century. These features are: divergence in wealth and technology of the West and the â€Å"Rest†, â€Å"transformation† of trade relations between colonies and empires and the very nature of this trade, appearance of new â€Å"settler-monopoly† and creation of new â€Å"neo-Europes† (Austin 2014, pp. 301-303). These features provide insights into the nature of the present-day world as well as the way imperial order of the world evolved and transformed. It is noteworthy that each of the features requires particular attention. At this point, it is necessary to note that the new type of colonialism was characterised by the focus on commercial aspect and industrialisation. Development of technology (especially military one) was one of the primary forces that boosted transformations of the nineteenth century. Thus, developed industrialised countries exercises their power and had the resources to exploit resources of less developed countries. Each year the gap between developed and developing countries increased as the former had all the necessary resources to advance technology and accumulate wealth. It is noteworthy that some may focus on this feature of development of imperialism. However, the other four factors are equally important. It is also possible to add that these four features are especially interconnected. Thus, developm ent of new trade patterns contributed greatly to a new span of capitalism which was spreading globally. Transformation of the commercial relations as well as population patterns led to empowerment of the colonised countries.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Americas, for instance, European settlers soon after the expansion to the continent made up the majority of the population. It is logical that they brought principles of capitalism to the new land and they were eager to gain independence (which was financial rather political). At the same time, in Asian countries, local elites formed and these elites were also a potent force that enabled the states gain economic as well as political independence. Obviously, the contemporary world order is rooted in the transformations which were taking place in the second part of the nineteenth century. Austin (2014) mentions t he Soviet Union and its impact stressing that this empire was not capitalistic but communist. At the same time, even this empire followed the patterns which were developed in the nineteenth century. In conclusion, it is possible to note that capitalism and colonialism shaped the world and formed the basis for the present-day models as well as state boundaries. Economic empowerment of empires was accompanied by financial strengthening of colonies. The five features of the correlation between colonialism and capitalism mentioned above help understand why the contemporary world is in its present state. Reference List Austin, G 2014, Capitalism and the colonies, in L Neal JG Williamson (eds), The Cambridge history of capitalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 301-347.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Organizational Analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Analysis - Case Study Example This study aims at analyzing the organization of Tesco through analyzing Tesco’s structure, internal and external environment, and Tesco culture and competitive advantage. Organization structure involves the manner in which an organization relates with the employees, the production lines, processes and functions, and decision-making process in the organization (DuBrin, 2000). Tesco has a hierarchical structure as evidenced many levels and accountability to more than one person by the employees at Tesco, who have to make decisions before the information is handed over to the CEO for final decision-making. A hierarchical organization structure involves a large amount of workers answering t supervising officers who answer to another upper level and this continues to the CEO, at the highest level, Terry Leary at Tesco (DuBrin, 2000).. The hierarchical structure at Tesco allows the employees to have an understanding of their expected duties and carry them without having to be over supervised. The hierarchical structure at Tesco also clearly defines authority and responsibility for every employee ensuring everyone is aware of the costs that occur when the t asks are not fulfilled within the required timeframe. Employees at Tesco are divided into various departments aimed at augmenting efficiency and better performance. The departments at Tesco include administration, finance, distribution, ICT, human resource, marketing, customer service, sales, research and development, and production. Each of the departments is responsible for different actions at Tesco to deliver growth and profitability aspirations of the organization. On products, Tesco has different product divisions determined on prices, packaging, and quality. These product divisions include Tesco Finest, Tesco, Tesco kids, Tesco Organic, Tesco Healthy living, and Tesco Value. Test Finest are products of the highest price and quality while Tesco Organic includes

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Home Office Put up an Advertisement on the Side of Vans Essay

The Home Office Put up an Advertisement on the Side of Vans - Essay Example The main intention of the Home Office was to encourage those in the UK illegally to depart from the country without having to face the wrath of the law through deportation and arrests. The office also wanted to reduce the rate of persons seeking asylum in the UK on religious beliefs owing to the precedence set by granting an Afghan citizen asylum on grounds that if he returned to his home country he would face persecution. This was because the man was an atheist who did not have any religious beliefs. The Home Office believed this route would help in sensitizing the immigrants that the country was not a soft touch for those seeking asylum on religious beliefs. In addition, this would also create an emergency voluntary route for these immigrants to return to their home countries without having to go through the legal process of deportation. The use of mobile billboards on vans traversing target areas, such as major towns in Kent city would encourage creation of awareness to most of th e immigrants. This would sound to them the alarm of imminent arrest for being in the country illegally, and this was targeting particularly those immigrants who were unwilling to take up the offer of voluntary departure from the UK. As such, the choice of words by the Home Office was deliberate in fishing out the targeted immigrants in the country, and as such, did not apply to those who applied for asylum. However, it also forewarned those applying for asylum on religious grounds, especially for those who claimed they would face persecution if they returned to their home country because they held no religious beliefs, i.e. being atheists. The Home Office violated a number of provisions of the CAP code by threatening the illegal immigrants with arrest for being in the United Kingdom illegally. This is because this statement aroused tension and anxiety within the society, and as such, stirred the peace and harmonious co-existence of all persons in the country. The statement that no o ne would get refuge in the UK based in religious beliefs breached the CAP code as being misleading because one Afghan citizen already had asylum in the country based on such claim. This point breached the CAP code edition 12 rules 3.1 of the law as misleading advertising, as well as, 3.7, on grounds of substantiation.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Naturalization Complicated for Many Immigrants by Marlena Hartz Essay

Naturalization Complicated for Many Immigrants by Marlena Hartz - Essay Example The states are still truly a place foreigner’s consider a place to achieve economic prosperity. Mexicans such as Marlena want to leave their homeland because in the United States they can earn in a day the salary that the typical worker earns in a week. To obtain a visa to enter the United States is not easy since there are so many people applying for them. According to the author of the article the US immigration offices have had a backlog of applications of over 12 years. Once a person obtains a visa the visa is given for up to 10 years, but the person is not a resident and has to renew the contract on a yearly basis after a rigorous auditing process. The person has to be a stellar citizen and comply with requisites as having a job, being in good standing with the law, and be able to write and read English. The article made a lot of relevant arguments on the subject which I agree with. Immigrants are hard workers that reach the mainland to improve their lives. The hard obstacles legal residents have to surpass are one of the reasons foreigners at times utilize other mediums such as illegal entrance into the USA. I agree with the article and the author’s points of view because the United States is a nation founded on the collective efforts hundreds of races, ethnic groups, and cultures created a rich blend of persons that founded the democratic nation of the United States of America. The second article analyzed on the topic of immigration in the US is called â€Å"A day without immigrants† by Lee Siu Hin. The article talks about the event that occurred on May, 1 2006 when over 10 million immigrants across the world went out into the US Street protesting for the civil of rights of immigrants across the nation. The article opposes the American policy on the immigrant issue which is taking right away from people living and working in the nation.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Consequence Of The Bulger Case Criminology Essay

The Consequence Of The Bulger Case Criminology Essay Critically analyse the assertion that; Young people are framed as perpetrators, but rarely considered as victims, and it is the latter that is needed. tABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction The twentieth anniversary of James Bulgers death was observed on 12th February 2013. The kidnapping from a shopping mall in Bootle (Merseyside), and murdering of the two-year-old, established an entirely fresh precedent on the way in which juveniles are treated within the Criminal Justice System.  [1]  Due to the following moral panic, the case received too much public intention, which converted into a movement that commanded Robert Thompson and Jon Venables to be imprisoned forever.  [2]  This provided justification to the policy changes, which quickly assisted in reducing the age of criminal accountability to ten. The possibility that children could be victims themselves was disregarded. This essay will demonstrate the role of the media and the justice model in framing the youth in categories that assist in promoting popular thinking regarding a delinquent through prevailing social values, attitudes, and beliefsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[that] change slowly over time andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ reshape what people think and believe.  [3]  In essence, the youth are used as suitable vehicles to meet political agenda. This is detrimental to society, as it does not conform to the needs of the victimised delinquent. This paper contains, in this regard, an evaluation of the debates around the justice and welfare models, and highlights the urge to develop the latter. The concluding section will state how the politicisation of crime develops a punitive justice system that redefines the youth as the new folk devils. It sees them as perpetrators and not victims. There is a strong need to increasingly consider the youth as victims, as it is only then the benefits of such a welfare model can be experienced. The Consequence Of The Bulger Case Debatably, the publics response towards deteriorating social order permits the introduction of more punitive measures by political parties and policy-makers. This would aid constructing public opinion so that the enforced regulations are justified and legitimised in controlling crime. Such is not a new occurrence. Cohen, in 1964, studied the moral hysteria created by the Mods and Rockers,  [4]  the shaping of the young black mugger in the 1970s was researched by Hall,  [5]  the 1980s focused upon the punks, the hoodies emerged in the nineties and the new millennium exposed gang lifestyles.  [6]  Nonetheless, Smith and Seudas study involved a postmodernist perspective of the Bulger case, which they view as incomparable.  [7]  The fact that Bulger was murdered by Boy A and Boy B (both aged ten and not adults) fuelled the country with hate to a level that Britain was seen striving for the blood of Thompson and Venables.  [8]  Through negative broadcasting, the media relentlessly sought to further demonise the boys. The media maintained the nations hatred and even influenced the removal of the injunction against naming the boys publicly. The murderers were never promoted as victims themselves. In fact, it became obvious that framing Thompson and Venables was indefinitely an instrument to negate the boys so governmental agendas are met. Being depicted as evil killers of a cute child, both boys confronted masses outside the courts that taunted to hang them.  [9]  The entire focus was on the devastation caused and this justified lowering the criminal responsibility age. Individuals under fourteen were no longer considered to be doli incapax or unable to commit crime.  [10]  Before criticising the medias involvement, it is important to note that framing is not regarded as what the media covers but rather the way in which it does.  [11]  Morrison highlights how the media elicit[ed] public sympathy by, for example, describing the victim as little Jamie.  [12]  Such evidently influenced Justice Morland in sentencing the offenders to the compulsory eight years; equivalent to the undefined sentence under secti on 53(1) of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933. The Judge viewed the crime as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cunning and very wicked and worthy of being imprisoned for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦very, very many years until maturation. Reflecting ideas of right realists (like American neo-conservative JQ Wilson), which view offenders as rational beings wilfully engaging in criminal behaviour, this ideology has gradually affected policy-making. It is incorrect to generalise children as it is certain that the age of maturity varies.  [13]  Also, the judges condition of being detained until you have matured emphasises the view that it is criminal not to have matured by ten. The judge can be regarded as being affected by external reactions. Each case should be decided on its merit, and equal attention should be given to punishing the crime and also dealing with the causes. The latter reflects the need to realise the perpetrators as victims suffering themselves. It is this welfare system that would provide economic and social security to individuals. Punishing the crime does not solve the problem as reoffending statistics highlight,  [14]  but rather the causes of crime should be eradicated. The judge, in the Bulger case, believed that eight years was very, very many years for a ten year old.  [15]  However four weeks later, Lord Chief Justice, Lord Taylor of Gosforth wanted to extend it to ten years so it would act as a deterrent. Nonetheless, such would again fall short of the authors argument that queries how a young mentally disturbed immature person could weigh up the consequence of his actions in such circumstances. It is not, for one second, being suggested to forgive murderers, but rather the state should recognise them also as victims and act to prevent future generations from suffering to the extent where they see such violent acts as rational. From a neutral perspective, it is apparent that the framing process provides a carte blanche to policy-makers to increase punishments and satisfy the communitys punitive urge. The Home Secretary, Michael Howard, was equipped with thousands of cuttings from the Suns movement steered by Bulgers parents to extend the se ntencing to whole life. In 1994, Howard increased it to fifteen years to calm the apprehensive public.  [16]  Such a move prohibited the recognition of the perpetrators as victims. It is evident that the victims family were stressed and wanted revenge, but if this request is completely adhered to by the state, this would detract completely from the welfare model and what is left is a system of solely crime and punishment. This is not a preventive model and would be ineffective in tackling problems faced by young offenders. Such has been supported by the English Court of Appeal  [17]  and the majority in the House of Lords,  [18]  who banned the ability of policymakers in deciding sentencing. Furthermore in T v UK and V v UK,  [19]  the European Court of Human Rights rightly recognised the unfair trial that resulted from the negative public opinion injected by the media. Lord Woolf cancelled the increased sentence and viewed the YOIs as too harsh. The boys were releas ed with new identities after serving the original eight years. James Bulgers mother warned the public to watch out for any unknown eighteen year olds residing in their area and advised that [t]hey got away with murder[and to] do what you can to get them out because theyre still dangerous. I know theyll kill again.  [20]  Being allowed to make defamatory assertions illustrates the framing process to be intact. Also, there was clearly no appreciation of the work in rehabilitating the offenders so they are not seen as a threat in community.  [21]  However, if it was given attention in the press then this, consequently, would have offended the victims family.  [22]  This is irrational. It is important to promote, to a certain extent, such rehabilitation work so it can educate the nation as to risks associated with disadvantaged children. This obviously will lower crime rates in the long run as crime-inducing factors would be dealt with; this is why Morrison argues the illogi cality by questioning whether its à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦possible to imagine a place where the rehabilitation of lost and damaged children would be a matter for celebration, not outrage? However, too much attention would prove harmful, as this would promote a lenient criminal justice model catering to reform the young. Convinced to be looked after, immature individuals would commit crime. To be effective, the system employed should advertise both the stringent sentencing powers along with the welfare measures. But obviously, it is necessary for offenders to be classified as victims first. The Norwegian Example Outlining the James Bulger case was not simply due to its significance to present-day English and Welsh penal policy, but moreover to compare it with how other nations deal with the issue. Soon after, there was another murder that resembled the Bulger case.  [23]  Here, a six-year-old boy, along with two boys aged five, murdered five-year-old girl called Siljie.  [24]  Nonetheless even though she lost her daughter, the mother forgave à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the ones who killedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is not possible to hate small children. They cant understand the consequences.  [25]  The offenders returned to normal schooling within two weeks and identities continue to be confidential.  [26]  They were not punished strictly but were initially seen by psychologists and welfare specialists. Obviously, the individuals were confronted with hardship but rather à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦care, support, guidance and counselling was encouraged.  [27]  Such was not overtly welcomed in the Bulger ca se. A welfare model operated in Norway. Many scholars began to query the way in which one society strives towards the whole life punishment, whilst another favours implanting offenders back into their normal lives and hoping they will recover from events as if they were victimised.  [28]  29Both these approaches represent the two extremes of the spectrum. Norway is seen as soft on crime whereas embracing the harsh method of England and Wales would be disadvantageous in understanding crime. A hybrid adoption would serve well; whereby deserving punishment is given and also the offenders are recognised, overtly and impartially, as victims so society can be cured and not merely punished. Political Platform The right realist policies are far greater retributory in nature than those of other EU States.  [30]  31A political economy has an impact upon the methods of framing certain individuals not least to imprison them in the assurance of a present societal unanimity that would not query it. A platform was offered to Tony Blair who manipulated Bulgers death to attack the Conservative reign, which Marxism stated catered the desires of the elite.  [32]  As elections approached, Thatcher demanded the removal of anarchy and violence from society. After Bulger, Blair was also seen asserting there to be somethingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ very sick at the heart of our society.  [33]  These statements are evidences of the use of juvenile crime to reach governmental agendas.  [34]  Furthermore, it also enables the introduction of more crime control methods that, along with attracting voters to political manifestos, moves away from the model of due process.  [35]  The focus is on punishin g crime rather than ultimately understanding it. It shifts towards a model that fails to recognise criminals as individuals with rights, and even a history of victimisation themselves. The UKs Attempts To Go Welfare There have been rare instances where attention has been given to juvenile delinquents, as hinted in the title. Immediately after Bulgers death, Home Secretary Kenneth Clarke proposed reforms that established new YOIs to support twelve to fourteen year-olds. These ran parallel with retributive programmes.  [36]  Although this depicts the justice methodology, the Bulger case did eventually query parental duties, increased state intervention and rehabilitation schemes within the framework of YOTs; diverting offenders from custodial sentencing to reparation with the sufferer and alternatively face community punishments. All questions were soon answered by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Nonetheless, the guidelines included have differing impacts on the procedures adopted by welfare performers as opposed to those of the justice approach. The year 1998 also introduced policies such as ASBOs, Parenting Orders, Dispersal Orders, Behaviour Agreements, Detention and Curfews.  [37]  Ho wever, despite being introduced to support them, the policies rather went on to adversely affect those appearing before the developing YOTs.  [38]  This is correct where multi-agency policies are intrinsic in programmes where society decides the juveniles consequence. Nonetheless when based upon evidence from quantitative research, there are problems since it claims that actors should closely follow procedures that are known to be successful. As seen in Section 93 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000, [w]here a person aged under 21 is convicted of murderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the court shall sentence him to custody for life unless he is liable to be detained under section 90 above. In the words of John Pitts, we are far too concerned with their deeds and uninterested in their needs.  [39]   Contrary to the view expressed in the title, there have been attempts to unite justice and welfare to generate a more caring yet regulating attitude. This supports the idea that even though the individual is responsible for his action, the system does acknowledge the victimisation of that delinquent. For example, the restorative justice model enabled offender victim mediations whereby the offender meets the sufferer, apologises, displays sorrow and advances towards reparation. Such encounters are done with a volunteer who would, assisted by a script, monitor the procedure into a reasonable conclusion.  [40]   This was a great move but gradually, right wing views were injected into community sanctions and, as it became associated with custodial punishments, this defeated the objective. The proposed multi-agency system was further disordered with bifurcating approaches of the actors; largely police officers who are bias towards the youth (especially those from black/ethnic minorities). Feilzer and Hood, who discovered African-Carribean juveniles as being disproportionately represented in the youth justice system, have supported this assertion.  [41]  This can be explained by Hall et al and their study into the framing of black youths in Handsworth (Birmingham).  [42]  The delinquency is dissimilar but the manner in which the media reacted, and policy amendments that followed, is largely comparable. Three black youths attacked a male in 1973 and such a street crime would result in a six months sentence. However, they were found for a new crime called mugging.  [43]  The media exa ggerated and labelled all black men as muggers. This helped justify (following the 2011 UK riots) strategies like stop and search and sus laws contained in Code A of PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984) whereby, in absence of reasonable basis, black men could be stopped.  [44]  Here also, photos of the offenders, one aged sixteen and two aged fifteen, were all over tabloids. Eventually, the oldest received twenty years of imprisonment and ten years were given to the other two.  [45]  Ultimately, the framing of the individuals, who were accountable for a lesser crime, initiated riots that consequently helped justify the severe punishments, police conduct and discretion. This can develop into a vicious cycle and would result in harsher forms of punishment that are justified with more severe criminal movements. Such can be prevented through actually treating the causes of criminality by, as this paper argues, increasingly identifying youths as victims themselves. The so-called developments in law are a result of children being used (as suitable vehicles) to construct media exaggerations even though children murdering children is not a new phenomenon. This in turn questions why previous practices of criminal justice were overwritten by Bulger. It was to distract the viewer from considering the youth as victims. In the case, Justice Morland questioned how à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦two mentally normal boys aged 10 of average intelligence committed this terrible crime is very hard to comprehend.  [46]  Its obvious. They were mentally unstable as they were victims of brutality. Although experts evaluated them to be mature enough for an adult trial, they were not. In Norway, they would have been impartially recognised as victims, treated and sent back into their normal lives. Norways intentional homicide rates are exceptionally low with a rate of 0.6, as opposed to UKs 1.2, per hundred thousand in 2009.  [47]  Norways focus on rehabilitation is surely effective as seen in its low crime rate. The UK needs to increasingly consider the youth today as victims. This, in the long run, will address UKs problem of rising criminal behaviour. It is essential to understand the victimisation of youth as this would display societal defects that need attention. The first of three ways in which steps can be taken to avert juveniles from criminal conduct is by using Asset; where risks and defending factors are analysed to estimate the needs and improve matters of schooling, parenting, deficiencies or bullying for example.  [48]  Secondly, YOTs must concentrate on both the victim and offender. Where the community punishment is ineffective, the offender appears in court but the juveniles interests are at the heart of the process.  [49]  The other factor comprises of the monitoring order where checks are made to prevent re-offending, and also encourage attainment of goals. It is essential that such be actually followed through for reasons highlighted in this paper. However, history has taught us the opposite. In fact, the aftermath of Tony Blairs landslide victory did not prohibit the victimisation of vulnerable juveniles. Under Blairs government, the initial nine years created 3,023 criminal offences and these mostly were associated with regulating the youth.  [50]  Such an attitude is reflected with the positivist views enshrined in todays policy-making in support of crime control and policies promoting words like Zero Tolerance and Three Strikes. These openly conflict with the much-needed care of the welfare model. The main objective of introducing the Youth Justice System was to merge the justice and welfare models to tackle juvenile delinquency.  [51]  It aimed to understand juvenile offending and also punish the youth as adults, to offer protection to society. The equilibrium has not obviously been met and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of a Child was extremely concerned regarding the level of juvenile poverty in UK and described teen pregnancy and homelessness as its main concerns.  [52]  This highlights the inability of children to enjoy normal lifestyles and instead, resort to crime to fulfil basic requirements. It is necessary to primarily identify the youth as victims so that such issues can be addressed. In the YJB questionnaires for instance, 71% participants from college/school believe family members cared about them. Since they were questionnaires, interviewer bias was not relevant but this percentage is definitely an overrepresentation with children being inclin ed to answer positively. At least 29% were overtly not feeling protected; this is detrimental and needs to be recognised. Also when asked whether they stay away from home without asking,  [53]  73% denied this similarly another overrepresentation. Case Study: Joseph Scholes Overall, local authorities across the country are failing to provide proper assessments and care plans for vulnerable children.  [54]  This was seen in the Joseph Scholes case. Said to be well-mannered yet vulnerable by social workers, Scholes resided with mother Yvonne after a custody dispute.  [55]  Scholes had also experienced sexual abuse from an early age and this transformed into self-harming. After being handed into care, Scholes would go out and get drunk with friends. On one occasion, an assault and a theft of a mobile occurred. Despite being a spectator, Scholes was arrested since he was look[ing] after the stolen phone.  [56]  Scholes became tensed and inflicted self-harm by slitting furiously his face using knives. Scholes difficulties were discussed and all relevant documents were presented by psychiatrists, social workers and YOTs, which proposed non-custodial sentencing owing to Scholes suicidal tendency.  [57]  The problem however was that the defendan t pleaded guilty even though he was innocent to all intent and purpose.  [58]  The judge stressed his inability to depart from Lord Woolf s standpoint that every street robbery must receive immediate custodial sentencing.  [59]  He received a two-year custodial sentence.  [60]  Furthermore, a deficit in placements compelled the Board to situate Scholes at Stoke Heath Youth Offending Institution, where he needed care but only received a piece to cover his stripped body. After being shifted to the Health Care Wing, Scholes was found dead hanging from the window bars just nine days into his punishment. The observance of stringent rules has proved detrimental again. Research by Ofsted identified fifty cases where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦professionals [failed] to see the situation from the childs perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to see and speak to the children; to listenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to observeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to take serious account of their viewsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ supporting their needs is probably the single most consistent failure in safeguarding work with children.  [61]   Conclusion Following the critical analysis of the assertion, it is obvious that the youth are largely seen as perpetrators of crime. The consideration towards the idea that the youth can be victimised is required in contemporary society to ensure the individual is protected as seen in the Buffer Model examined by Armstrong et al (2005). This paper relied upon the controversial debate surrounding the justice and welfare models. The author supports the view that the justice system should be relaxed to the point where the welfare model can be most effective. After all, an association found upon trust and care with individual assistance is much more economical and successful than imprisoning mentally scarred juveniles away from their lives. Framing individuals creates stereotypes, which promote negatively shaped identities.  [62]  This can be disadvantageous to offenders and ultimately disorders society further. Every case needs to be viewed as different from one another and, where victimisati on of the offender is recognisable, it must be identified and treated. Also, external factors, such as the media, should not be allowed to influence. It is only then the problems from a custodial sentence can be avoided and most importantly, the welfare model can function at its best. Realistically however, although there is a much greater need to consider the youth as victims, the use of children as suitable vehicles to meet political plans makes it highly unlikely for such recognition in todays society.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

The Pugilist at Rest :: essays research papers

Judging from the other reviews, the awards, and multiple accolades Thom Jones's writings, and "The Pugilist at Rest" in particular, have received, I am apparently in quite the minority. But here goes: I found an inherent falseness and overwritten emotion throughout the stories. Jones too often tells the reader what he/she should be feeling instead of letting the reader respond sans prescription. Case in point: "I Want to Live!" The son-in-law is the "good guy" (obviously the author -- tacky) who gives the dying woman Schopenhauer to read and narcotic medication to ease the unbearable pain no one else will even acknowledge. This revitalizes the woman in the extreme (I believe she thanks God for her son-in-law at some point, which struck me as the author thanking God for the character of himself as he portrayed himself in the story -- again, ooh, tacky). Obviously, Jones digs Schopenhauer and through the character of the woman tells us that philosophy from just the right guy will turn it all around for us as we are dying an excruciating death. Please. This situation probably "actually happened" just this way in Jones's life, but it doesn't mean the recounting of it reveals the truth. I also found technical medical error in the description of the effect of certain drugs on the woman's pain. I have to paraphrase re: the effect of methadone, something like "circles of orange orgasms blossoming through her body." Methadone has a long half-life; taken orally, as in the story, it would take a long time to take effect. Methadone works as a slow build toward pain relief -- good relief, but hardly orgasmic -- as opposed to an injection of morphine, for which an orgasmic description would have been appropriate.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Spiritual Belief: A World Split Apart

Rico Spears Ms. Lisle 9/26/12 Academic Writing and Research Spiritual Belief In this analysis paper I will talk about incorporating God throughout everyday life, whether it be through materialistic things or one’s own self perception of how it is to live and pattern after Godly ways . In â€Å"A World Split Apart,† Alexander Solzhenitsyn infers that there is a higher power than man; a lack of spirituality can harm ones afterlife. Through a higher power all things are possible he says, â€Å"If, as claimed by humanism, man were born only to be happy, he would not be born to die.Since his body is doomed to death, his task on earth evidently must be more spiritual: not a total engrossment in everyday life, not the search for the best ways to obtain material goods and then their carefree consumption. † Whereas in â€Å"A Voice from Russia’s Past,† by Jack Fruchtman Jr. he simply argues that Solzhenitsyn is speaking from Slavophiles point of view, which stands as a group of Russian philologists and nationalists interested in the origins of the Russian language.Fruchtman also stated that Solzhenitsyn echoed this theme at Harvard when he noted that the philosophical foundation of the West has historically rested on a â€Å"rationalistic humanism,† by which he meant â€Å"the proclaimed and enforced autonomy of man from any higher force above him. (Fruchtman 44)† My last and final source will come from â€Å"Presenting Humanism† by Jende Huang. Huang speaks from a humanist view and states that our society has been so socialized to accept the idea that believing in God is something that is â€Å"good,† and even for a religious liberal, there may exist, an unconscious desire to hold onto that.The realization that you don't need a god to live your life is a difficult one and one that cannot be easily acknowledged. Solzhenitsyn and Huang share some of the same spiritual beliefs when referring to man. Huang stat es that man was created to be â€Å"God like† and to pattern ways after God. Speaking from a humanist point of view Huang says, â€Å"ideally, humanist are continually open to new ideas and new information, nd refuse to be shackled by beliefs that remain outside the realm of testability,† (Huang 1-3); he proves this by stating humanism is analogous to science in the sense that both are concerned not only with the body of knowledge and the evidence that supports it, but with efficient means and methods used to gain knowledge. Is it right that man’s life and society’s activities are ruled by material expansion above all? Solzhenitsyn asks this question in reference to government. Laws are put in place to abide by but there is always a loop hole in any law system.Laws are to protect the rights of others or for humans as one body to abide by. Through all the materialistic abuse of power used by some government officials, Solzhenitsyn tends to acknowledge that even in the era that he is in, man is still the head. Life after death, as he talks about spirituality, should be better than your life on earth. Even Huang states that if you accept the bible as truth, you’re agreeing that God would spread his message to pre-agricultural nomads who couldn’t even imagine the evaluation of human society over the subsequent thousands of years.Understanding that you don’t need God to live your everyday life, Huang says, humans still do things to show representation that he is a factor in life such as: going to church and taking communion; â€Å" Do this as often as you remember me† 1st Corinthians 11:25 (NKJ). Man is not perfect but by following the bible he can reach salvation and become cleansed through baptism and understanding that each day you can become more â€Å"God like. James Reston who wrote â€Å"A Russian at Harvard† states that Solzhenitsyn is right in many cases but contradicts the demeanor of his mes sage a lot. Solzhenitsyn entitles his address â€Å"A World Split Apart† why so Reston questions the diverse message in each passage to say it sounds like a â€Å"mind split apart† (Reston pg. 37). Reston says that Solzhenitsyn was right to complain about that â€Å"hastiness and superficiality are the psychic disease of the Twentieth Century† (Reston pg. 38); in reference to the war period and the lack of spiritual belief. After the suffering of decades of violence and oppression, the human soul longs for things higher, warmer and purer than those offered by today’s mass living habits, introduced by the revolting invasion of publicity, by TV stupor and by intolerable music†,(Solzhenitsyn pg. 14) Solzhenitsyn writes this statement proving all points to the lacking of â€Å"spiritual being† stated by him. Ending his speech, Solzhenitsyn speaks about a higher power. In Philippians 4:13 it says, â€Å"I can do all things through Christ (God) wh ich strengthen me† (NKJ). Solzhenitsyn asks â€Å"Is it true that man is above everything? Is there no superior spirit above him?Is it right that man’s life and society’s activities should be ruled by material expansion above all? Is it permissible to promote such expansion to the detriment of our integral spiritual life? †(Solzhenitsyn pg. 21) What is life or even afterlife? In contrast with that similar understanding Fruchtman attacks by still having Solzhenitsyn, in a Slavophile voice he states that Solzhenitsyn and the Slavophiles believe that this decline and everything accompanying it was deeply rooted in Western history, a history of man, where man has lost his spiritual tie to the infinite, the eternal, and the timeless( Fruchtman pg. 45).The Slavophile Ivan Kiereevsky wrote, â€Å" it is painful to see what a subtle, but inevitable and just-sent madness now drives the Western man. He feels his darkness and like a moth, he flies into the fire, whi ch he takes to be the sun. He cries like a frog and barks like a dog, when he hears the word of God. †(Fruchtman pg. 45) Man, in short, is no longer human, and the decline of the West is upon us. Fruchtman attests his point later on in his response when he references how Solzhenitsyn says it is a society which is doomed because of its rejection of spirituality and its concomitant worship of reason and material things.Because the West had a tremendous fall in spirituality, Solzhenitsyn began to question, in order to get out the state that the West is in, who does man look up? During the time of the speech men were dominant in the sense of being superior to women, but if â€Å"lost† in sense of spirituality and begin to believe that modern ways and material things are more important than being God like. Is it actually true that man is everything and neither that nor anyone is superior to him? â€Å"We turned our backs upon the Spirit,† Mr. Solzhenitsyn proclaimed, â€Å"and embraced all that is material with excessive and unwarranted zeal,† (Pg. 4). Fruchtman stated, for the Slavophiles, the West was decadent primarily because it had adopted the worship of rationality, matter and form. Moreover, it relied too much on legalistic systems of thought and action. This particular statement reflects Solzhenitsyn outlook on one’s self; Solzhenitsyn supports this statement when he stated that only by the voluntary nurturing in ourselves of freely accepted and serene self-restraint can mankind rise above a world stream of materialism. (pg. 20-21) Solzhenitsyn infers that no one on earth has any way left but upward climbing to the next anthropological stage (Pg. 1). Anthropological is the study of humanity, social action between humans and cultural as well as religious preferences. Fruchtman goes on to say for both Mr. Solzhenitsyn and the Slavophiles, men spiritual capacities have become subverted by the overpowering influences of reason and legality. Solzhenitsyn, Fruchtman, and Huang share similar beliefs when referring to man and higher powers above man. To pattern after God means to be â€Å"God like† as Huang states while Fruchtman counters Solzhenitsyn by saying he is speaking from a Slavophiles point of view.The West, as Solzhenitsyn portrays it is one who now has a lack of spiritual belief. The West, they argued, had emphasized rationality, compulsion and above all legalistic institutions and material wellbeing. Each of these qualities was in conflict with man’s inherent, goodness and virtue, Fruchtman writes. This statement proves his thought on how Solzhenitsyn is continually speaking and analyzing from his own humanistic view. As Solzhenitsyn states, â€Å"It will demand from us a spiritual blaze† (pg. 21). He infers to the west as whole and not singling any particular individual out; to act as one mind body and soul, but in government form.Laws are set in place to help us not hinder as a result he entitles this particular section â€Å"Before the Turn†. Still the question lies is there no superior spirit above man? If so how can we be more like him, how can we incorporate that higher power in our everyday life and in our law and judicial systems? How can take eyes off the moral standards of man and out them on the mindset for man to pattern after â€Å"God like† ways?

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Family Counseling Approach Essays

Family Counseling Approach Essays Family Counseling Approach Essay Family Counseling Approach Essay All families are different, just as every individual is unique within the family structure but the general concept of family counseling is universal. The point is to help families work through conflicts and create resolutions that respect each individuals in the family unit. Individual goals become the family’s total goal. Its not about placing blame or playing one family member against the other. Family counseling is about family healing. Selecting a Family Counseling Service: Accepting that your family would benefit from an outsider helping to increase the harmony of all family members is just the first step. Locating a family counseling service thats right for you and yours is just as important. As counseling no longer carries the stigma it once had you can look to your religious leaders or members of your community. A search of the local yellow pages or your favorite search engine will also give you a list of available family counselors. The most important part of selecting a family counseling service is determining the ability of the counselor to reach every family member. So when selecting a service be aware that its not all about you. Dont choose a religious leader for family counseling if religious differences are part of your familys concerns. A well trained non biased counselor is needed Accept Benefits of Family Counseling: Being open to the need for family counseling, selecting a great family counselor and accepting revelations provided by the service is all part of the process. Learning that the stresses of life do come home with you is not as easy as saying these children show me no respect but saving the family unit is more important than each individuals awareness. : You should never approach family counseling if you believe you already have the answer to your familys issues. Openness to change is the only thing you need to take to family counseling. The Issue of Choice: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Melissa Trask Liberty University May 12, 2010 Abstract Counseling has been in existence from the beginning of time. From Jethro to Freud, therapists and philosophers have been seeking insight into the core of human nature and cognitions. Cognitive-Behavioral therapy(CBT) recognizes that faulty cognitions and beliefs affect the behaviors of individuals. One method of cognitive-behavior therapy, reality therapy, incorporates the concepts of free choice and personal responsibility that are taught both in Scripture and Dr. William Glasser’s choice theory. Other aspects of CBT, such as cognitive restructuring and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), also work towards eliminating negativistic attitudes of clients in exchange for more effective and realistic methods for interpreting the situations experienced in daily life. The Issue of Choice: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy It Is this Essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 200,000 just like it! get  better  grades is suggested that an individual’s personality is a complex system of cognition, emotion, will, physiology, and spirituality. Hawkins proposes nine aspects of the human self to be active influences on one’s personality: â€Å"body, cognition, feelings, volition, human spirit, Holy Spirit, sin/flesh/SAS, temporal systems, and spiritual systems (Hawkins COUN507_BO1_200920). Each therapist individually determines what factors they believe to make up a person’s being. Larry Crabb views humans as involving both the physical and spiritual aspects of man. Man’s personality is then separated into five parts: the conscious mind, unconscious mind, heart, will, and emotions. He argues that the way in which an individual identifies what takes place in his/her life determines the emotional or behavioral outcome (Crabb, 1977). The cognitive-behavioral therapist sees individuals as functioning within continuous, shared interactions between behaviors and social conditions. Although these theorists once

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Which SAT Score Do Colleges Use

Which SAT Score Do Colleges Use SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Standardized test scores are an important component of the college application process. However, since most people take the SAT multiple times, it's not always clear which scores colleges will look at when judging an applicant's potential. In this article, I'll give you an overview of which SAT scores colleges use in the admissions process. The Basics When colleges look at your SAT scores, they will usually consider your composite score more strongly than the scores from individual sections.Some more specialized tech and engineering schools (think a school like MIT) will be interested to know what your Math scores are because these schools place a high value on quantitative reasoning abilities.However, they will still look at your composite score to make sure that your overall academic abilities will allow you to keep up in college. Schools may use different scores to judge your application based on what you decide to send them and what their individual score policies are.Some schools require SAT scores but use Superscoring and allow Score Choice, some schools ask that you send all of your SAT scores, and some schools don’t require you to submit the SAT at all.I’ll discuss the various possible scenarios in the next two sections. Score Choice and Superscoring Score Choice and Superscoring are two policies that will affect which scores colleges look at when evaluating your performance on the SAT.Score Choice is under your control; you can decide whether or not to send your scores from each test date to colleges.If you choose to send scores from just one test date, those are the only scores that a college will look at in judging your application. With Score Choice, you're only allowed to send full score reports.You can’t, for example, send your Math score from one test date and your Reading and Writing scores from another date.Score Choice is a good option if you performed particularly poorly on one test date and don’t want to advertise it to colleges.If you don’t use Score Choice when sending SAT scores to colleges, they will look at all of your test scores. In many cases, colleges will use a process called Superscoring to make judgments about your scores as a whole.Superscoring is when colleges combine your best score from each section on the SAT across different tests to create your best possible composite score. Say you took the SAT twice. The first time you got a 700 on Critical Reading, a 650 on Math, and a 710 on Writing, and the second time you got a 670 on Critical Reading, a 700 on Math, and a 750 on Writing.A college that uses Superscoring would take the 700 on Critical Reading, the 700 on Math, and the 750 on Writing and combine them into your best possible composite score of a 2150 rather than using the slightly lower composite scores of 2060 and 2120 from the two individual test sessions.See this article for a list of colleges that Superscore the SAT. In general, even if they don’t use Superscoring, most schools will look at your highest scores.Colleges don’t want students to get too stressed out about any one test date.Taking the highest score also means that colleges can boost their score statistics and improve their reputations, so it’s a win-win. Colleges will usually only look at the tip of your metaphorical SAT iceberg. What About the New SAT? With the arrival of the new SAT, there's another issue to consider: How will colleges view the new scores, and will they superscore between the old and new versions of the test if you submit both? The consensus is that colleges will NOT superscore between the two different versions of the test. The changes are too significant for superscoring between tests to be a valid method of assessing scores. You will be able to submit scores from both the old and new SAT (at least for the time being), but each set of scores will be viewed completely separately. Exceptions and Special Cases There are some exceptions to these general rules about which scores colleges consider.Some schools only look at Critical Reading and Math scores and don’t care about Writing scores (including the essay).There are a couple reasons why they might do this. Since the Writing section was only added in 2005, it doesn’t have as much data as Critical Reading and Math to back it up in terms of how accurately it predicts success in college. The Critical Reading and Math sections are given more weight because many colleges believe that a student’s level of college preparedness can be determined by looking at the scores for these sections alone.Critical Reading and Math scores are often used as benchmarks to determine whether a student should place out of introductory classes during their freshman year. Other schools don’t require you to submit scores at all!These â€Å"test optional† schools won’t look at any of your scores unless you decide to submit them. More and more schools have decided to loosen their standardized testing requirements based on these tests’ limited predictive value of success in college academics.These colleges want to give students a choice about how they present themselves in their applications.If a student feels that their test scores are not representative of their academic ability, then they may choose not to submit them.If you do submit your scores, you can expect these colleges to consider them just like schools that explicitly require SAT scores. Some schools are also â€Å"test flexible.†This means that they do require you to submit test scores in some form, but they don't have to be from the SAT or ACT.NYU, for example, will allow students to submit three AP test scores or three SAT Subject Test scores in lieu of the regular SAT or ACT.These policies vary from school to school, but they cater to students who want to demonstrate mastery in an academic area that's not explicitly covered by the regular SAT. There is only one college, Hampshire College, that is currently "test blind."This means that they won't look at any of your test scores in judging your application. DON'T SHOW ME YOUR SCORES! DON'T YOU KNOW I'M TEST BLIND Conclusion Most colleges will only see the scores that you want them to see.Through Score Choice and Superscoring, the vast majority of schools give you the option of sending just your best scores, or they will formulate your best possible score based on your performance across different test dates. For the most part, colleges are only looking at your best composite SAT score or a composite score that represents a combination of your best scores on each section of the test. You can submit both old and new SAT scores for the time being, but colleges won't superscore between the two versions of the test. Some schools don’t require you to submit the SAT or will only look at certain sections of the test. You should check the websites of the colleges that interest you to see whether they might have special policies towards test scores. With these types of schools, you have even more choice as to how you present yourself on your application. You can decide to leave your scores out of the equation completely. Which SAT score colleges use to judge applicants depends on the policies of each institution, but most schools that explicitly require you to send in your SAT results will use your highest scores. What's Next? Now that you know which scores colleges use in the admissions process, you can set a score goal for yourself. Read our article on what a good SAT score might mean for you. If you're currently working on improving your SAT scores, take a look at this list of quick tips that will help you adjust your strategy appropriately. The most important part of this whole process is sending in the score reports. Read more about how to send your SAT scores to collegesand whether you should send the four free SAT score reportsthat you get with each test. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Monday, November 4, 2019

Moral Problem Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Moral Problem Paper - Essay Example However, the ethical questions raised by the CEO relate to the work structure, expectations for the sales and the functions that are within the business. Background and Facts The difficulties with the Wal – Mart store and the overall functions are known to relate to the overall structure of the group and the way that it works with customers and with employees. The store is renowned for the work structure that is not able to support those working in the front lines. This begins with a lack of compensation that is given to workers, sweat shops that are used to produce the different items and the inability to meet needs of those that are working for the company. The structure is known to consist of employees that are required to work seven days a week or overtime to make enough from the company. At the same time, the company is known to offer welfare to the workers, specifically because it doesn’t pay enough to those who are working within the structure. The problems with the structure continue with known buybacks, which recently consists of over $15 billion in stocks, specifically which is going to the CEO and other top executives, as opposed to those who are working within the company (Gogoi, 1). The current situation of Wal – Mart is one that is now being followed by the new CEO, Mike Duke. The president was brought into the company in 2009, specifically with the last CEO stepping down before being caught up in the controversies of the employment and other factors relating to morality. At this time, labor unions and others were beginning to protest against the employment at Wal – Mart, which was causing a loss in sales from preceding years. The main issue which Duke is being presented with is to save the image of Wal – Mart and to begin changing the reputation of the unfair treatment of employees both in the United States and abroad. The question which is now being looked into is how Duke will work with the ethical complexitie s which were left behind, specifically with the lost money and the lack of employee rights that have caused the business of Wal – Mart to begin losing the reputation it once had for low prices (Kapner, 1). Utilitarian Analysis The approach which Duke is facing is one which is based on restructuring the belief that the treatment of employees and the overall structure of the company are immoral. The time before Duke was a part of Wal – Mart led to actions from labor unions and spotlights on how the workers didn’t receive enough pay or has basic human rights when working for the company. The first concept which Duke needs to approach from the Utilitarian analysis is the pleasure versus pain approach. From this viewpoint, there is the need to restructure the employee compensation and the worker rights in Wal – Mart. If the employees are happy and have a sense of pleasure of working at the company, then it will bring a greater good to the store. To do this, hi gher levels of compensation, worker rights and limitations on how much an employee works become the main factor. However, Duke will need to look at other limitations, such as decreasing the amount of expansion and the amount of payments which are going to other aspects of the company. Since these parts don’t cause pain, it will lead to greater moral value with employees and the overall attributes of the company. The second aspect that is considered with